Trichogramma wasp is one of the most successful parasitic species in the world, mainly used to control many pests. The effects of field (RC) and half recommended concentrations (half RC) of four insecticides: 1. Tetraniliprole, 2. Chlorantraniliprole 3. Lufenuron, and 4. Thiocyclam was studied in different preimaginal stages of 1. Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko and 2. Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Parasitized eggs of the angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were treated by 1. The dipping method at the larval, 2. Prepupal, and 3. Pupal stages of the parasitoid. For persistence evaluation, the insecticides were applied at the recommended concentration on tomato plants in a pot by a hand sprayer till the Runoff point. Plants were maintained under a transparent polyethylene rain cover in the field. Leaves of the treated tomato plants were sampled and transferred to the laboratory at time intervals of 3, 5, 16, and 31 days after application. In this experiment were adults (< 24 hours old) of T. brassicae and T. evanescens. Based on our results, thiocyclam at both RC and half RC was the most harmful insecticide for immature stages of both parasitoids. This insecticide at the prepupal stage (at both RC and half RC) had more adverse effects than in pupal or larval stages. Tetraniliprole, with 23.33% and 21.11% mortality in less than five days, was classified as the short-lived insecticide for T. brassicae and T. evanescens, respectively. The same result was obtained in the chlorantraniliprole treatment. That caused 25% and 26.11% mortality to the parasitoids, T. brassicae, and T. evanescens. Lufenuron, with 30.55% and 30.00% mortality in less than five days, was short-lived. However, thiocyclam, with 14.44% and 16.67% mortality in less than 30 days and 65.55% and 69.44% mortality in less than five days, was classified as moderately persistent for those two species. Therefore, according to the results, 1. tetraniliprole, 2. chlorantraniliprole, and 3. lufenuron can control lepidopteran pests by observing the appropriate spraying distance to release Trichogramma wasps. Thiocyclam, on the other hand, should be employed with extreme caution.

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and Globalization of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.

Purpose: Something that happens in the future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about the future. The perception of young people from the future and their conception of the future is very important. The purpose of this study was to imaging the future of sports science from the perspective of educated youth. Method: The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. The statistical population of the study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and the snowball sampling method was used for interviews and theoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze the data, the content analysis method has been used to obtain the information of this research. Findings: The results show the future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in the sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from the ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing the mental images of the youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards the dystopia if the current situation continues, and it can move towards the utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, the stakeholders of sports sciences need to be together and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Four important ways of religious education in the field of beliefs are inferred in this article through the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including the root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. Then, we have benefited from the inference method to find the ways of religious education in the Holy Quran. In the inferential method, we have reached the “conclusion”, which is the method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. The solutions of the Holy Quran to achieve the methods of religious education are explained in the following. For example, using the Scriptures directly to know the right actions is one of the solutions of the Holy Quran to reach the way of believing in the punishment of deeds. The achievement of religious education methods through discovering the nature of religion and explaining the purpose of education on the one hand and using the inferential method as a research method on the other hand is one of the innovations of this research. The achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational theoretical model for formal and public education system.

1برنامه درسی به عنوان ستون فقرات نظام آموزشی، یکی از عوامل مهم در راستای ایجاد تحولات بنیادین در نظام آموزش عالی به شمار می رود؛ هدف این پژوهش تبیین مدل اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی از دیدگاه اسلامی و آرای مقام معظم رهبری است تا بتوان با آن برنامه درسی آموزش معماری را، از نظر تحقق مولفه های کارآفرینی در دانشجویان بررسی کرد. روش پژوهش حاضر آمیخته اکتشافی است که در قسمت کیفی با بررسی آرای مقام معظم رهبری در مقالات، کتب و سخنرانی های ایشان، گزاره های توصیفی از اندیشه ایشان در خصوص اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی، با روش دلالت پژوهی استخراج شد. در بخش کمی داده ها با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS20 و  smart PLS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که الگوی کارآفرینی از دیگاه مقام معظم رهبری، در چهار رکن اصلی: بینش، دانش، مهارت و کسب و کار قابل تقسیم بندی است. و هر یک از این رکن های اصلی با الگوی اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی در برنامه درسی معماری همپوشانی دارد. بدین ترتیب مراکز آموزش عالی معماری می توانند در کنار ایجاد برنامه های درسی کارآفرینی در رشته معماری، با شناسایی پتانسیل های موجود در برنامه های درسی این رشته، به تقویت نقاط قوت و رفع نقاط ضعف موجود در آن ها بپردازند. این الگو ضمن فراهم کردن شرایط تحقق آموزش کارآفرینی در رشته های دانشگاهی، زمینه اجرای یک الگوی بومی را در پرتو دستورات اسلامی فراهم می آورد.

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperforms other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

1این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثر بخشی آموزش بسته آموزشی خودشناسی مبتنی بر رویکرد اگزیستانسیالیسم بر باورهای غیر منطقی ارتباطی روی افراد انجام و اجرا شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه افراد متاهل مراجع کننده به مراکز مشاوره و روانشناسی مناطق 1 و3 شهر تهران با مشکل اختلافات زناشویی بود. در پژوهش حاضر از روش تحقیق تجربی از نوع شبه آزمایشی از نوع طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد. در نمونه پژوهشی 16 نفر بصورت داوطلبانه که سطح بالایی در باورهای غیرمنطقی براساس پاسخ به پرسشنامه داوطلبانه مراکز مشاوره داشتند، انتخاب شدند و در گروه آزمایش و کنترل هر گروه 8 نفر بصورت تصادفی جایگزین شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه باورهای غیرمنطقی ارتباطی آدیلسون و اپشتاین بود که با طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه کنترل و انجام 12 جلسه آموزشی گردآوری اطلاعات انجام شد. از روش تحلیل کواریانس چند متغیره یا مانوا برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس در متن مانکوا نشان داد که در فرضیه اصلی تحلیل کوواریانس در متغیر باورهای غیرمنطقی زوج ها (sig=0.02, F=6.059) معنادار است. نتایج فرضیه ها فرعی نیز نشان داد که تحلیل کوواریانس در متغیر تخریب کنندگی، باور به تغییر پذیری همسر، باور ذهن خوانی، باور کمال گرایی جنسی و تفاوت های جنسی زوج ها معنادار است. یعنی آموزش خودشناسی مبتنی بر رویکرد اگزیستانسیالیسم بر باورهای غیرمنطقی متاهلین اثربخش است.